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Related Concept Videos

Behavior Modification01:21

Behavior Modification

Behavioral approaches have often been criticized for ignoring mental processes and focusing solely on observable behavior. However, these approaches provide an optimistic perspective for individuals seeking to change their behaviors. Rather than concentrating on intrinsic personality traits, behavioral approaches suggest that even longstanding habits can be modified by changing the reward contingencies that maintain them.
A real-world application of operant conditioning principles is applied...
Behaviorism01:28

Behaviorism

The field of behaviorism was pioneered by figures such as Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner fundamentally shifted the focus of psychology to the observable and controllable aspects of human and animal behavior. This shift marked a critical evolution in the discipline, emphasizing scientific rigor and experimental methodology.
The core premise of behaviorism is its focus on observable behavior rather than internal thoughts or feelings. This approach argues that true scientific...
Operant Conditioning Intervention01:24

Operant Conditioning Intervention

Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
Operant Conditioning01:21

Operant Conditioning

Operant conditioning, a key concept in behavioral psychology, involves using reinforcement and punishment to alter the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. B.F. introduced this type of conditioning. Skinner focused on voluntary behaviors and the consequences that follow them, influencing whether these behaviors will be strengthened or diminished.
Reinforcement in operant conditioning can be positive or negative, both of which serve to increase the likelihood of a behavior. Positive...
Contingency Table01:29

Contingency Table

A contingency table provides a way of portraying data that can facilitate calculating probabilities. It is a method of displaying a frequency distribution as a table with rows and columns to show how two variables may be dependent (contingent) upon each other; The table helps determine conditional probabilities quite quickly and can help systematically organize, analyze and quantify data. The table displays sample values concerning two variables that may be dependent or contingent on one...
Generalization, Discrimination, and Extinction01:24

Generalization, Discrimination, and Extinction

Generalization, discrimination, and extinction are key concepts in operant conditioning that influence how behaviors are learned and maintained.
Generalization occurs when a behavior reinforced in one context is performed in similar situations. For instance, a student who studies diligently for calculus and receives excellent grades might apply the same study habits to psychology and history, expecting similar results. Generalization shows how learning in one setting can influence behavior in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE
06:57

Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE

Published on: May 14, 2019

Contingency and behavior analysis.

K A Lattal1

  • 1Departmentof Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. lattal@wvnvm.wvnet.edu

The Behavior Analyst
|April 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores the concept of contingency in learned behavior, examining its empirical analysis, theoretical integration, and practical applications in behavior analysis research.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Science
  • Psychology
  • Learning Theory

Background:

  • Contingency is a core concept in understanding learned behavior.
  • Its application is crucial for addressing socially significant issues.
  • Behavior analysis provides a framework for studying contingency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development of the contingency concept by behavior analysts.
  • To examine empirical, theoretical, and applied aspects of contingency.
  • To synthesize research for a broader understanding of behavioral processes.

Main Methods:

  • Empirical analysis of contingency through experimental studies.
  • Review of human and nonhuman behavior experiments.
  • Synthesis of findings into theoretical and conceptual frameworks.

Main Results:

  • Experimental studies provide empirical data on contingency.
  • Theoretical frameworks integrate contingency with other behavioral processes.
  • Practical considerations highlight applications in diverse settings.

Conclusions:

  • The contingency concept is multifaceted, encompassing empirical, theoretical, and applied dimensions.
  • Integration of research advances the general account of contingency.
  • Understanding contingency is vital for both laboratory and applied behavior analysis.