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Species differences in temporal control of behavior.

C F Lowe, P Harzem

    Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
    |November 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    Rats and pigeons show different temporal control in fixed-time schedules. Pigeons maintain responding, while rats cease, highlighting species-specific behavioral differences in operant conditioning.

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    Area of Science:

    • Behavioral neuroscience
    • Comparative psychology
    • Operant conditioning

    Background:

    • Temporal control of behavior is fundamental in operant conditioning.
    • Fixed-interval (FI) and fixed-time (FT) schedules are key paradigms for studying temporal control.
    • Species-specific differences in response patterns under these schedules are not fully understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze and compare temporal control in rats and pigeons.
    • To investigate responding under fixed-interval (FI) and fixed-time (FT) schedules.
    • To examine species differences in response patterns and their underlying mechanisms.

    Main Methods:

    • Rats and pigeons were exposed to FI and FT schedules with 30, 60, and 120-second parameters.
    • Response rates, postreinforcement pauses, and changes in response rate across interval segments were analyzed.
    • Mathematical modeling (normal curves, power functions) was used to describe response patterns.

    Main Results:

    • Rats' responding significantly decreased or ceased on FT schedules, unlike pigeons who continued responding.
    • The running rate of responses correlated with postreinforcement pause duration in rats, but not pigeons.
    • Response rate changes followed normal curves, with power function relationships between curve midpoints and schedule values differing between species.

    Conclusions:

    • Significant species differences exist in temporal control under FT schedules, with pigeons exhibiting more sustained responding.
    • These differences may stem from the distinct properties of the lever-press (rat) and key-peck (pigeon) responses, particularly their interaction with food.
    • The findings contribute to understanding the fundamental mechanisms of temporal control in different species.

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