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Response rate and changeover performance on concurrent variable-interval schedules.

I W Hunter, M C Davison

    Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
    |May 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Pigeons adjusted their key-pressing behavior based on reinforcement rates, with higher rates on one key decreasing responses on others. Mathematical models were developed to predict switching behavior between keys.

    Area of Science:

    • Behavioral psychology
    • Animal behavior studies
    • Operant conditioning research

    Background:

    • Understanding how animals allocate responses across multiple options is crucial in behavioral science.
    • Previous research has explored choice behavior under various reinforcement schedules, but a comprehensive model for multi-key environments is needed.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate pigeons' response allocation and changeover behavior across multiple response keys under variable-interval schedules.
    • To develop and test mathematical models predicting response rates and time allocation based on reinforcement density.
    • To analyze the relationship between reinforcement rate and switching behavior between response options.

    Main Methods:

    • Six pigeons were exposed to variable-interval schedules on one, two, three, and four response keys.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Reinforcement rates were systematically varied across conditions.
  • Data collected included response numbers, time spent responding, reinforcement counts, and key changeovers.

    • Main Results:

    • Pigeon response rates increased with reinforcement rate on a given key but decreased with reinforcement on other keys.
    • Ratios of response and time allocation systematically under-matched ratios of obtained reinforcements.
    • Three sets of equations were formulated to describe changeover rate as a function of response rate, time allocation, and reinforcement rate.

    Conclusions:

    • Pigeons exhibit sensitivity to local reinforcement rates when allocating responses across multiple options.
    • The developed mathematical models accurately predict changeover rates and generalize across various experimental conditions, including those with changeover delays.
    • This study provides a quantitative framework for understanding choice and switching behavior in complex reinforcement environments.