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A procedure for studying echoic control in verbal behavior.

R Boe, S Winokur

    Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
    |September 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    College students' word usage directly reflected the specific terms used in survey questions about women's liberation. This finding supports Skinner's theory of verbal behavior, specifically the concept of echoics.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Linguistics
    • Sociology

    Background:

    • Understanding verbal behavior is crucial in psychology.
    • Skinner's theory of verbal behavior offers a framework for analyzing language acquisition and use.
    • The concept of echoics suggests that verbal behavior can be influenced by environmental stimuli, such as specific word usage.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the influence of embedded target words in survey questions on college students' verbal responses.
    • To test the hypothesis of echoics within the context of social movements.
    • To examine the relationship between question wording and word frequency in student responses.

    Main Methods:

    • Male and female college students participated in a three-session study.
    • Standardized questions about the women's liberation movement were administered.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Different sets of target words were embedded in questions across sessions to assess their impact on word usage.

    • Main Results:

    • The frequency of target word usage by students directly correlated with the presence of those words in the survey questions.
    • A distinct set of synonymous words used in Session 2 also showed a direct relationship with question content.
    • Results indicated a strong influence of the immediate verbal environment on participants' responses.

    Conclusions:

    • The study's findings support Skinner's hypothesis of echoics.
    • Environmental linguistic stimuli, like specific word choices in questions, significantly shape verbal behavior.
    • This research provides empirical evidence for the role of echoics in shaping responses related to social and political topics.