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Related Experiment Videos

Prepositional phrases spoken and heard.

V L Lee

    Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
    |March 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study explored verbal and nonverbal behavior in children. Reinforcement of one behavior type influenced existing behaviors in another, but did not create new ones, clarifying cross-modality generalization.

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    Area of Science:

    • Behavioral Psychology
    • Developmental Psychology
    • Linguistics

    Background:

    • Investigated the relationship between verbal and nonverbal behaviors.
    • Examined children with and without intellectual disabilities.
    • Addressed anomalies in prior cross-modality generalization research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the relationship between verbal and nonverbal behavior in children.
    • To clarify the concept of cross-modality generalization by distinguishing between response topography and stimulus control.
    • To test Skinner's hypothesis regarding spoken and heard responses.

    Main Methods:

    • Children received reinforcement for either verbal or nonverbal responses.
    • The unreinforced (collateral) repertoire was monitored for changes.

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  • Experimental consequences were applied to one behavioral repertoire, while the other remained unreinforced.

    • Main Results:

    • Changes in the unreinforced repertoire were limited to alterations in stimulus control of pre-existing response topographies.
    • No new response topographies were established in the collateral repertoire through reinforcement of another repertoire.
    • Findings supported Skinner's hypothesis on the equivalence of spoken and heard responses.

    Conclusions:

    • Cross-modality generalization requires a distinction between establishing new behaviors and modifying existing ones.
    • The study refines understanding of how reinforcement impacts different behavioral repertoires.
    • Results reconcile previous findings on verbal and nonverbal behavior interactions.