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Updated: Aug 7, 2026

HLA-Ig Based Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for Efficient ex vivo Expansion of Human CTL
Published on: April 11, 2011
Ex vivo programming of antigen-presenting B lymphocytes: considerations on DNA uptake and cell activation
Matthew Wheeler1, Xotchil Cortez-Gonzalez, Raffaele Frazzi
1The Department of Medicine and Cancer Center and Biomedical Science Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0837, USA.
Abstract:
Plasmids used in DNA vaccination not only serve as a source of antigen, but also have an important adjuvant effect. This review focuses on recent advancements made in understanding how cells internalize DNA, and how internalized DNA activates immune response pathways. We also comment on the role of B cells in both of these processes.
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