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Related Experiment Videos

Speakers gaze at objects while preparing intentionally inaccurate labels for them.

Zenzi M Griffin1, Daniel M Oppenheimer

  • 1School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0170, USA. zenzi.griffin@psych.gatech.edu

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|July 11, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Speakers look at objects longer when misnaming them, suggesting visual attention during speech preparation isn't tied to visual-word meaning. This applies even when using novel words, showing attention guides naming.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Visual Attention

Background:

  • Speakers typically gaze at objects when preparing to name them.
  • Previous research suggests a link between visual features and word meaning in speech production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if visual attention to referents occurs without a visual-word meaning correspondence.
  • To examine the role of visual attention in intentional misnaming and novel word use.

Main Methods:

  • Participants intentionally mislabeled objects with names of similar items (e.g., "horse" as "dog").
  • Gaze duration to referents was measured before accurate and inaccurate labeling.
  • Gaze duration was also measured for novel word usage and with increasing experience.

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Main Results:

  • Speakers gazed significantly longer at objects before inaccurate labeling compared to accurate labeling.
  • Gaze duration to referents was similar for novel and accurate word labeling.
  • Gaze duration decreased with increased experience using a novel word.

Conclusions:

  • Visual attention during speech preparation can be directed at referents even without a direct visual-word meaning association.
  • Gaze appears to play a role in the general process of object identification for naming, not solely based on semantic or visual matching.