Simple electrostatic model improves designed protein sequences

Electrostatic interactions are important for both protein stability and function, including binding and catalysis. As protein design moves into these areas, an accurate description of electrostatic energy becomes necessary. Here, we show that a simple distance-dependent Coulombic function parameterized by a comparison to Poisson-Boltzmann calculations is able to capture some of these electrostatic interactions. Specifically, all three helix N-capping interactions in the engrailed homeodomain fold are recovered using the newly parameterized model. The stability of this designed protein is similar to a protein forced by sequence restriction to have beneficial electrostatic interactions.