Jove
Visualize
Contact Us

Related Experiment Videos

Primary and secondary memory: multistore versus process models of memory.

Leslie L Gerrard1, Douglas A Waring

  • 1Department of Psychology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA. lg36921@appstate.edu

Perceptual and Motor Skills
|July 11, 2006
PubMed
Summary

This study on memory systems found that the penultimate effect, distinct from the recency effect, supports separating primary and secondary memory. Controlling for intentional learning replicated these findings.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same journal

Methodological Guide: Signal Detection Analysis for Perceptual Judgements of Deceptive and Genuine Actions.

Perceptual and motor skills·2026
Same journal

The Relationship Between Manual Dexterity in Preschool Children and TATI Board Game Indicators - A Preliminary Study.

Perceptual and motor skills·2026
Same journal

Power Output Feedback Improves Cycling Performance Without Affecting the Perception of Voluntariness in Task Failure.

Perceptual and motor skills·2026
Same journal

Comparing Caregiver and Child Perceptions With Actual Child Physical Activity and Motor Skill Competence: A Collective Case Study Approach.

Perceptual and motor skills·2026
Same journal

Theoretical and Psychological Mechanisms of Perceptual-Motor Learning in AI Bots-Assisted Art Education.

Perceptual and motor skills·2026
Same journal

Development and Measurement Properties of a Custom-Built Punch Force Dynamometer Based on S-Type Load Cells.

Perceptual and motor skills·2026
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Memory Research

Background:

  • Recent research distinguished between recency and penultimate effects in recall performance.
  • These effects were proposed as evidence for distinct primary and secondary memory systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinction between recency and penultimate effects.
  • To control for intentional learning strategies in memory recall tasks.
  • To examine the role of these effects in primary versus secondary memory.

Main Methods:

  • Adapted Healy et al.'s methodology.
  • Recruited 40 participants for a memory recall task.
  • Utilized recall of U.S. Presidents by term (secondary memory) or pseudorandom order (primary memory).

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Observed both recency and penultimate effects in both memory conditions.
  • Contrast analyses confirmed a pattern similar to Healy et al.'s findings.
  • Intentional learning was controlled for, strengthening the observed effects.

Conclusions:

  • The penultimate effect is distinct from the recency effect.
  • Findings support the differentiation between primary and secondary memory systems.
  • The study validates the methodology for controlling intentional learning in memory research.