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Updated: Aug 7, 2026

Stimulation of Cytoplasmic DNA Sensing Pathways In Vitro and In Vivo
Published on: September 18, 2014
Contribution of interferon-beta to the immune activation induced by double-stranded DNA
Hidekazu Shirota1, Ken J Ishii, Hiroki Takakuwa
1Section of Retroviral Immunology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. shirota@cber.fda.gov
Abstract:
Introducing double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) into the cytoplasm of macrophages and dendritic cells triggers the activation of these professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs). This process is characterized by the up-regulation of costimulatory molecules and the production of various cytokines, chemokines, and antibacterial/viral factors. Current findings indicate that interferon-beta (IFN-beta) plays a key role in the stimulatory cascade triggered by dsDNA. Both immune and non-immune cells respond to intracytoplasmic dsDNA by up-regulating IFN-beta) expression, a process that reduces host susceptibility to infection. The immune activation induced by dsDNA is independent of MyD88, TRIF and DNA-PKcs, indicating that a Toll-like receptor-independent mechanism underlies the cellular activation mediated by intracytoplasmic dsDNA.
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