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Updated: Aug 7, 2026
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Published on: March 13, 2026
Audience response system technology improves accuracy and reliability of trauma outcome judgments
David G Jacobs1, Jennifer L Sarafin, Toan Huynh
1Department of Surgery, F.H. Sammy Ross Jr. Trauma Center, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina 28232-2861, USA. David.Jacobs@carolinashealthcare.org
Background:
Peer-review judgments are necessary for effective trauma performance improvement (PI), but may be influenced by peer pressure and the tendency to vote with the majority. Incorporation of Audience Response System (ARS) technology into trauma PI should result in improved outcome assessments.
Methods:
We compared 30 months of nonanonymous trauma care judgments with 30 months of anonymous judgments obtained with the use of a keypad-based ARS. Statistical methods included the chi2 test and the Wilcoxon rank sum test.
Results:
Use of the ARS resulted in a 28% reduction in deaths judged nonpreventable and a 24% reduction in trauma care judged to be appropriate (p < 0.0001). Unanimous outcome judgments were also significantly reduced (p < 0.0001).
Conclusions:
Outcome judgments obtained anonymously were significantly more divergent and less positive than those obtained nonanonymously. Anonymously derived outcome judgments may provide a better opportunity to identify adverse outcomes and thereby potentially improve trauma PI and trauma care.