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An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents
Published on: December 2, 2015
The metabolic syndrome, depression, and cardiovascular disease: interrelated conditions that share pathophysiologic
1University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands. r.o.b.gans@int.umcg.nl
Abstract:
This article introduces the metabolic syndrome as a clinical phenotype with consequences for diagnosis and treatment that go beyond the different clinical specialties involved. A life-course approach is suggested as a means of understanding the complex interrelations between the metabolic syndrome, depression, and cardiovascular disease. Pathophysiologic mechanisms that these conditions share are discussed in detail. These considerations provide arguments for a more integrative approach to patients in general that surpass the current disease-centered services such as endocrinology, psychiatry, and cardiology.
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