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Internalization and Observation of Fluorescent Biomolecules in Living Microorganisms via Electroporation

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A selective fluorescent sensor for detecting lead in living cells.

Qiwen He¹, Evan W Miller, Audrey P Wong

¹Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|July 20, 2006

Summary

We developed Leadfluor-1, a novel fluorescent sensor for detecting lead ions (Pb2+) in water and cells. This sensor is highly selective and sensitive, meeting EPA standards for drinking water safety.

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Biomedical Imaging
Environmental Science

Background:

Lead (Pb2+) contamination poses significant health and environmental risks.
Accurate detection of Pb2+ is crucial for monitoring water quality and biological systems.
Existing sensors often lack selectivity, sensitivity, or cell permeability.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize a novel water-soluble, turn-on fluorescent sensor for Pb2+.
To evaluate the sensor's selectivity and sensitivity for Pb2+ in aqueous solutions.
To demonstrate the sensor's capability for imaging intracellular Pb2+ in living cells.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of Leadfluor-1 (LF1) incorporating a fluorescein chromophore and pseudocrown receptor.
Spectroscopic analysis to determine sensor properties and selectivity against various metal ions.
In vitro and in vivo imaging experiments using LF1 to detect Pb2+ in aqueous media and living cells.

Main Results:

LF1 exhibits high selectivity for Pb2+ over other biologically relevant metal ions.
The sensor demonstrates sensitivity to parts per billion levels, meeting EPA drinking water standards.
LF1 successfully imaged changes in intracellular Pb2+ levels in living cells, marking a first for small-molecule reagents.

Conclusions:

Leadfluor-1 is a highly effective, water-soluble fluorescent sensor for selective Pb2+ detection.
LF1 offers a sensitive and cell-permeable tool for monitoring lead contamination in environmental and biological settings.
This sensor represents a significant advancement in the field of heavy metal ion detection and imaging.