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Updated: Aug 7, 2026

Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element (CRE) Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster
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Published on: December 19, 2011

Differential potencies of effector genes in adult Drosophila

Andreas S Thum1, Stephan Knapek, Jens Rister

  • 1Lehrstuhl Genetik und Neurobiologie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland (Biozentrum), D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.

The Journal of Comparative Neurology
|July 21, 2006
PubMed

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In animals, gender is determined by the number and type of sex chromosome. For example, human females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome, whereas C.elegans with one X chromosome is a male, and the one with two X chromosomes is a hermaphrodite.
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Position-effect Variegation

In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
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