Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 7, 2026

A Rapidly Incremented Tethered-Swimming Maximal Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Assessment of Swimmers
Published on: January 28, 2020
Cardiopulmonary function after recovery from swimming-induced pulmonary edema
Bruce B Ludwig1, Richard T Mahon, Eric L Schwartzman
1National Naval Medical Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Objective:
This study aimed to compare cardiopulmonary function in patients with a history of swimming-induced pulmonary edema (SIPE) with controls by measuring pulmonary function tests, oxygen consumption with exercise, and the pulmonary arterial pressure response to hypoxemia.
Design:
Case control study.
Setting:
Tertiary Military Medical Center.
Patients:
US Navy Special Warfare members who had previously suffered SIPE.
Interventions:
Measurement of pulmonary function tests, cardiopulmonary exercise test, pulmonary artery pressure by echocardiography at rest on room air and with hypoxia.
Main Outcome Measurements:
Pulmonary function testing, carbon monoxide diffusing capacity, maximal oxygen consumption, and pulmonary arterial pressure response to hypoxemia.
Results:
Subjects who previously had SIPE did not demonstrate differences in pulmonary function tests, carbon monoxide diffusing capacity, maximal oxygen consumption, or pulmonary arterial pressure response to hypoxemia.
Conclusions:
Subjects with a history of SIPE do not have abnormal pulmonary function tests, abnormal exercise capacity, or abnormal pulmonary arterial pressure response to hypoxemia when tested in dry conditions.
Related Concept Videos
Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology
Pulmonary Function Tests
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
Pneumothorax-II
Clinical Manifestations:
Exercise and Cardiac Output
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be met...
Flail Chest-II
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema
