Effects of Ca(2+)-buffer concentration and stimulus interval on the voltage dependence and timecourse of...

To investigate the kinetics of the inward Na-Ca exchange tail current activated by internal calcium in rabbit atrial cells, the whole-cell patch-clamp technique with intracellular perfusion was used. We recorded the inward phase of this current during repolarizations following a brief 2-5 ms depolarizing pulse to +40 mV from a holding potential of -70 mV. Peak activation of the current occurs about 10 ms from the beginning of the depolarizing pulse, and it decays spontaneously with a slow timecourse. The voltage dependence of the process that activates the inward current from -40 mV to +40 mV has a very steep slope between -40 and -20 mV and then virtually saturates between -10 mV and +40 mV. The voltage dependence of the process that activates the inward current is steeper than that which activates the sarcolemmal calcium current, iCa.L, and the timecourse of the current relaxation is much slower at low-frequency stimulation and when using low concentrations of Ca-buffer. The magnitude and timecourse of the calcium transients estimated by the inward tail current are smaller and faster, and the slow component of decay was abolished by the presence of high intracellular concentrations of Ca-buffer or by high frequency stimulation. These observations suggest that calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum may be triggered by only a small fraction of the sarcolemmal calcium current.