Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 6, 2026

08:08
Chicken Recombinant Limbs Assay to Understand Morphogenesis, Patterning, and Early Steps in Cell Differentiation
Published on: January 12, 2022
Pygomelia or supernumerary limbs in a crossbred calf
M M Rahman1, M S I Khan, D Biswas
1Department of Medicine and Surgery, Chittagong Government Veterinary College, Pahartali, Chittagong-4202, Bangladesh. mizanbs@yahoo.com
Journal of Veterinary Science
|July 28, 2006
Summary
A 12-day-old calf presented with pygomelia, a congenital anomaly involving extra hind limbs. Surgical excision successfully corrected this rare condition in the crossbred calf.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Congenital Anomalies
- Surgical Procedures
Background:
- Congenital anomalies are relatively common in livestock, presenting unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment.
- Pygomelia, characterized by the presence of supernumerary limbs attached to the pelvic region, is a rare congenital malformation.
- Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes in affected animals.
Observation:
- A 12-day-old crossbred calf (Sindhi x local indigenous) was admitted with two accessory hind limbs.
- The extra limbs were attached to the pelvic region, situated between the normal hind legs.
- Clinical examination confirmed the condition as pygomelia.
Findings:
- The congenital anomaly, pygomelia, was definitively identified through clinical assessment.
- Surgical excision was performed to remove the accessory hind limbs.
- The surgical procedure was successful in correcting the pygomelia.
Implications:
- This case highlights the successful surgical management of pygomelia in a young calf.
- It underscores the importance of veterinary surgical expertise in addressing rare congenital defects.
- The successful outcome provides valuable insights for managing similar cases in veterinary practice.
Related Concept Videos
Trihybrid Crosses
Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal chance to...
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal chance to...
Monohybrid Crosses
Overview
Cloning of Dolly the Sheep
The first successfully cloned mammal was Dolly, a sheep, born on 5th July 1996 at Roslin Institute, Scotland. The cloned sheep was named after the American singer Dolly Parton. Dolly lived for seven years and died of respiratory complications, which is speculated to be due to the actual age of her DNA. Because the DNA in cloned cells belongs to an older individual, the cloned individual’s life expectancy may be affected. Indeed, analysis of Dolly’s DNA revealed shorter telomeres than other...
Dihybrid Crosses
Overview
Nondisjunction
During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
Nondisjunction
Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers. Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis. Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold sister...

