First Report on Neonatal Isolated Submandibular Suppurative Sialadenitis in Preterm Triplet Girls

Area of Science:

• Neonatology
• Pediatric Infectious Diseases
• Otolaryngology

Background:

• Neonatal isolated submandibular suppurative sialadenitis (NISSS) is an uncommon condition affecting newborns.
• Premature infants possess immature immune systems, increasing susceptibility to infections.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report the first known case of NISSS in triplet infants.
• To identify potential risk factors and causative agents of NISSS in neonates.

Main Methods:

• Case presentation of premature triplet girls diagnosed with NISSS.
• Microbiological culture of maternal breast milk to identify the infectious agent.
• Literature review of PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases for similar cases.

Main Results:

• The triplet infants, born at 28 weeks gestation, developed NISSS caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
• Maternal breast milk tested positive for S. aureus, suggesting it as a potential source.
• The case is the first reported instance of NISSS in triplets.

Conclusions:

• Immature immune systems, prolonged orogastric feeding, and antidiuretic therapy are identified as potential risk factors for NISSS in neonates.
• Staphylococcus aureus can be a causative agent of NISSS, potentially transmitted via breast milk.
• This case underscores the importance of recognizing NISSS in premature infants, especially multiples.