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Related Experiment Videos

Is blood sugar the next lactate?

Therèse M Duane1, Tracey Dechert, Nicholas Dalesio

  • 1Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA.

The American Surgeon
|August 1, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Initial high blood glucose levels in trauma patients predict greater injury severity and mortality. This easily measured blood sugar offers a valuable prognostic tool, similar to lactate levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Trauma Care
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Clinical Biochemistry

Background:

  • Admission lactate is a known predictor of trauma outcomes.
  • The predictive value of initial blood glucose levels in trauma is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the predictive capabilities of initial blood glucose levels versus admission lactate for injury severity and patient outcomes in trauma.
  • To determine if blood glucose can serve as a readily available prognostic marker.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study comparing trauma patients with blood glucose <= 150 mg/dL (LBS) versus > 150 mg/dL (HBS).
  • Data collected on demographics, Injury Severity Score (ISS), infection rates, and mortality.
  • Statistical analysis to correlate blood glucose and lactate with ISS and outcomes.

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Main Results:

  • Higher Injury Severity Score (ISS) in the HBS group (56.0%) compared to LBS (28.4%) (P = 0.0006).
  • HBS patients exhibited significantly higher mortality (30.0%) versus LBS patients (5.7%) (P < 0.0001).
  • Blood glucose showed a linear relationship with ISS (r2 = 0.18) and correlated with lactate (r = 0.25).

Conclusions:

  • Initial hyperglycemia in trauma patients is associated with more severe injuries and increased mortality.
  • Blood glucose is a potential, easily accessible predictor of injury severity and prognosis, comparable to lactate.