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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Ultrasound Images of the Tongue: A Tutorial for Assessment and Remediation of Speech Sound Errors
08:32

Ultrasound Images of the Tongue: A Tutorial for Assessment and Remediation of Speech Sound Errors

Published on: January 3, 2017

Comparing tongue shapes from ultrasound imaging using smoothing spline analysis of variance.

Lisa Davidson1

  • 1Department of Linguistics, New York University, 719 Broadway, 4th Floor, New York, New York 10003, USA. lisa.davidson@nyu.edu

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|August 1, 2006
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces smoothing spline ANOVA (SS ANOVA) for analyzing ultrasound tongue data in speech research. SS ANOVA helps determine significant differences in tongue shapes between different speech conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Speech Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Ultrasound imaging is widely used in speech production research.
  • Standardization in quantifying and statistically analyzing ultrasound tongue data is lacking.
  • Linguistic studies often require comparing tongue shapes under different articulatory conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the application of smoothing spline ANOVA (SS ANOVA) for comparing tongue curves derived from ultrasound data.
  • To provide a statistical method for determining significant differences in tongue shapes between groups.
  • To illustrate the use of Bayesian confidence intervals for pinpointing specific differences in tongue curves.

Main Methods:

  • Application of smoothing spline ANOVA (SS ANOVA) to compare tongue curves.

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Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

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  • Utilizing the interaction term in SS ANOVA to detect significant shape differences.
  • Employing Bayesian confidence intervals to identify localized differences between tongue curves.
  • Main Results:

    • The study illustrates how SS ANOVA can identify statistically significant differences between tongue shapes.
    • Demonstrates that the interaction term in SS ANOVA is key to detecting shape variations.
    • Shows that Bayesian confidence intervals effectively localize differences along the tongue curve.

    Conclusions:

    • Smoothing Spline ANOVA (SS ANOVA) offers a robust statistical framework for analyzing ultrasound tongue data in speech research.
    • This method allows for precise identification of articulatory differences between speech conditions.
    • The approach enhances the quantitative analysis of tongue movements in phonetics and speech pathology.