Update in dental implant periapical surgery

Area of Science:

• Dentistry
• Oral Pathology
• Implantology

Background:

• Implant periapical lesions are infectious-inflammatory alterations at the implant apex.
• Causes include instrumentation contamination, bone overheating, and pre-existing bone pathology.
• Diagnosis relies on clinical signs and radiographic evidence of periapical radiolucency.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe the etiology, diagnosis, classification, and management of implant periapical lesions.

Main Methods:

• Review of clinical manifestations and radiological findings for diagnosis.
• Classification of lesions based on evolutive stage (acute vs. chronic).
• Outline of management strategies according to lesion phase.

Main Results:

• Lesions are classified as acute (non-suppurated, suppurated) or chronic (periapical abscess).
• Radiotransparency at the periapical level is a key diagnostic finding.
• Management differs based on the acute or chronic phase.

Conclusions:

• Effective management of implant periapical lesions requires accurate diagnosis and staging.
• Treatment involves periapical surgery for acute phases and potential implant extraction for chronic phases.
• Understanding lesion progression is crucial for successful treatment outcomes.