Childhood immunisation (1): planned changes to the routine schedule

Linda Diggle1

  • 1Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford.

Insights

New childhood immunisation schedules include a pneumococcal vaccine and catch-up program. This guide helps practitioners explain these important vaccine updates to parents.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Childhood immunisation schedules undergo regular revisions to incorporate new vaccines and strategies.
  • Community practitioners require clear information to effectively communicate schedule changes to parents.
  • The introduction of new vaccines necessitates understanding their rationale and implementation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To inform community practitioners about upcoming changes to the childhood immunisation schedule.
  • To provide the rationale behind the inclusion of the pneumococcal vaccine and catch-up programme.
  • To equip practitioners to address parental concerns regarding immunisation schedule revisions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of updated immunisation recommendations and guidelines.
  • Analysis of the scientific evidence supporting the pneumococcal vaccine.
  • Discussion of implementation strategies for catch-up programmes.

Main Results:

  • The revised schedule introduces a pneumococcal vaccine for children.
  • A catch-up programme will be implemented to ensure eligible children receive the vaccine.
  • This article details the specific recommendations and their justification.

Conclusions:

  • The integration of the pneumococcal vaccine enhances protection against serious infections in children.
  • Effective communication by practitioners is crucial for successful vaccine uptake.
  • Understanding the rationale empowers practitioners to reassure parents about schedule changes.

Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Standard Precaution01:26

Standard Precaution

Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...