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Differentiating writing inks using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry.

Roger W Jones1, Robert B Cody, John F McClelland

  • 1Institute for Physical Research and Technology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3020, USA. jonesrw@ameslab.gov

Journal of Forensic Sciences
|August 3, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Nondestructive ink analysis using Direct Analysis in Real Time mass spectrometry accurately identifies ink origins and ages. This method analyzes ink components without altering documents, aiding in authenticity verification.

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Document Examination

Background:

  • Traditional writing ink analysis methods often require sample removal or cause visible document alteration.
  • Establishing document authenticity and determining ink sources/ages are crucial in forensic investigations.
  • A need exists for non-destructive, in-situ analytical techniques for writing inks on paper.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) mass spectrometry for non-destructive writing ink analysis.
  • To create a searchable library of ink mass spectra for forensic document examination.
  • To assess the accuracy of DART-MS in identifying and differentiating various ink formulations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) mass spectrometry for in-situ analysis of 43 different writing inks (ballpoint, fluid, gel).

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  • Analyzed ink components, primarily dyes and thermally labile compounds, detected as protonated molecules [M+H](+).
  • Compiled a searchable spectral library and tested its efficacy by matching challenge spectra from the analyzed inks.

    • Main Results:

    • Successfully identified numerous ink components from mass spectra generated by DART-MS.
    • The developed spectral library demonstrated high accuracy, correctly matching 42 out of 43 inks.
    • One ink was matched to a very similar formulation from the same manufacturer, indicating high specificity.

    Conclusions:

    • Direct Analysis in Real Time mass spectrometry offers a powerful, non-destructive method for writing ink analysis.
    • The technique enables accurate identification of ink components and differentiation between inks, supporting document authenticity.
    • The creation of a searchable spectral library significantly enhances the forensic application of DART-MS for ink profiling.