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Published on: July 7, 2023
VIP-PACAP system in immunity: new insights for multitarget therapy
R P Gomariz1, Y Juarranz, C Abad
1Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain. gomariz@bio.ucm.es
Vasoactive intestinal peptide/pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (VIP/PACAP) demonstrates potent anti-inflammatory effects by modulating immune responses. This research explores VIP/PACAP
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Neuroendocrinology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Research on VIP/PACAP and the immune system began in 1990 with the discovery of VIP expression on lymphocytes.
- Studies have utilized models of septic shock, rheumatoid arthritis, and Crohn's disease to understand VIP/PACAP's role in immunity.
- The VIP/PACAP system is being investigated as a potential therapeutic agent.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the therapeutic potential of the VIP/PACAP system in immune-mediated diseases.
- To elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of VIP/PACAP.
- To explore VIP/PACAP's role in balancing Th1/Th2 responses and its impact on autoimmune diseases.
Main Methods:
- In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted across three disease models.
- Analysis of VIP/PACAP receptor (PAC1, VPAC1, VPAC2) expression.
- Investigation into the modulation of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors.
- Exploration of VIP/PACAP's effects on chemokines, coagulation factors, adhesion molecules, and Toll-like receptors.
Main Results:
- VIP/PACAP exhibits potent anti-inflammatory actions by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines while enhancing anti-inflammatory factors.
- The system promotes Th2 responses over Th1, contributing to disease remission in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease.
- VIP/PACAP influences various inflammatory mediators, including chemokines, coagulation factors, and Toll-like receptors.
Conclusions:
- The VIP/PACAP system possesses significant therapeutic potential for managing inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
- Targeting multiple inflammatory pathways with VIP/PACAP offers a promising therapeutic strategy.
- Recent findings support the clinical application of VIP/PACAP in human therapeutics.
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