Nucleolus organizer regions in human lymphocytes as studied with premature chromosome condensation

Non-stimulated human lymphocytes from peripheral blood usually contain only one ring-shaped nucleolus. Polyethyleneglycol-mediated cell fusion with mitotic Chinese hamster ovary cells induces premature chromosome condensation in human lymphocytes. Subsequent silver staining reveals that more than one nucleolus organizer region (NOR) is silver-positive and frequently participates in the formation of "satellite associations". It can therefore be concluded that more than one NOR contributes to the ring-shaped nucleoli of lymphocytes in human peripheral blood and that they may be transcriptionally active. During phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation, the number of silver-positive NORs, the number of nucleoli and the number of chromosomes participating in "satellite associations" increase.