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Implementing a routine, voluntary HIV testing program in a Massachusetts county prison.

Rebecca V Liddicoat1, Hui Zheng, Jeanne Internicola

  • 1Department of Medicine, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Administration, Mail 111G, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA. rebecca.liddicoat@med.va.gov

Journal of Urban Health : Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine
|August 10, 2006
PubMed
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Routine HIV testing in prisons significantly boosts screening rates. Implementing voluntary testing increased uptake from 18% to 73.1%, identifying infections and highlighting the need to avoid redundant testing efforts.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Correctional Healthcare

Background:

  • U.S. prison populations exhibit higher Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection rates compared to the general populace.
  • Routine HIV testing is not consistently implemented for inmates upon entry into correctional facilities.
  • Limited access to HIV testing in prisons contributes to undiagnosed infections within this vulnerable group.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To implement and evaluate a routine, voluntary HIV testing program for inmates in a Massachusetts county prison.
  • To compare the uptake of HIV testing under a routine program versus an on-request testing model.
  • To assess the prevalence of HIV infection and prior testing history among the participating inmate population.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • A prospective intervention study was conducted, comparing a routine, voluntary HIV testing program with a historical control period.
  • Inmates received group pre-test counseling and were offered private HIV testing during admission.
  • Data were collected on testing acceptance rates, HIV infection status, and previous HIV testing history.

    • Main Results:

    • The routine voluntary HIV testing program achieved an acceptance rate of 73.1% (734 of 1,004 inmates).
    • This rate represents a significant increase from the 18.0% testing rate during the control period (p<0.001).
    • Among those tested in the prior year, 78.2% had received their last test within the prison setting, indicating potential for testing redundancy.

    Conclusions:

    • Implementing routine, voluntary HIV testing in correctional facilities dramatically increases screening rates.
    • The findings underscore the importance of integrated testing strategies to prevent duplicate testing efforts in the prison setting.
    • Routine HIV testing is an effective public health intervention for identifying infections in incarcerated individuals.