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Updated: Aug 6, 2026

Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production
Published on: March 2, 2014
Immunology of HDV infection
1Institute of Virology, University Clinic Essen, Germany.
Abstract:
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection may occur as coinfection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or as superinfection of a chronically HBV-infected patient. A strong antibody response is mounted, which persists for many years; however, it is not able to modulate the course of infection. In most cases the superinfection takes a chronic course. In patients with inactive disease (HDV PCR negative) an oligospecific T-helper cell immune response and a cytotoxic T-cell response were found, which were absent in patients with persistent viremia. The role of the cellular immune response in liver injury during acute infection has not been investigated. Vaccination strategies tested in the woodchuck model induced specific B- and T-cell responses but failed to protect from HDV infection.
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