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Updated: Aug 6, 2026

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
Published on: September 11, 2021
Redefining classroom instruction
Harry R Goldberg1, Eileen Haase, Artin Shoukas
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. goldberg@jhmi.edu
Abstract:
In this study, the role of the classroom instructor was redefined from a "lecturer" responsible for delivering the core curriculum to a "facilitator" at the center of an active learning environment. Web-based lectures were used to provide foundation content to students outside of the classroom, which made it possible to improve the quality of student-faculty contact time in the classroom. Students reported that this hybrid format of instruction afforded them a better understanding of the content, a higher probability of retaining the content, and the opportunity to spend more time thinking about the application of the content compared with more traditional lecture-based methods of instruction.
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