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Alcohols induce interferon in primary chick embryo cells.

M K Donnelly1, M J Sekellick

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269.

Journal of Interferon Research
|February 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Alcohols like ethanol can induce interferon (IFN) production in chick embryo cells. Priming cells with IFN enhances alcohol-induced IFN yields, demonstrating a novel induction pathway.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Interferon (IFN) is a crucial cytokine in the innate immune response against viral infections.
  • Chick embryo cells (CEC) are a common model for studying cellular responses to various stimuli.
  • Alcohol exposure is not typically associated with immune modulation or interferon induction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of alcohol compounds to induce interferon production in primary chick embryo cells.
  • To characterize the properties of alcohol-induced interferon and compare it to virus-induced interferon.
  • To explore the synergistic effect of interferon priming on alcohol-induced interferon production.

Main Methods:

  • Primary chick embryo cells were cultured in vitro and exposed to various alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, butanol).
  • Interferon production was measured in cell supernatant, assessing acid-lability and neutralization by anti-IFN serum.
  • Cells were pre-treated ('primed') with homologous interferon before alcohol exposure to evaluate synergistic effects.

Main Results:

  • Alcohols induced the production of an acid-labile interferon in CEC within 60 minutes.
  • Interferon priming significantly enhanced alcohol-induced interferon yields, producing up to 4,000 units/10(7) cells of an acid-stable interferon.
  • Alcohol-induced interferon was neutralized by anti-chicken IFN serum, confirming its identity.
  • Interferon priming did not enhance interferon production induced by a viral agent (avian reovirus).

Conclusions:

  • Alcohols, particularly ethanol, serve as novel chemical inducers of interferon in primary chick embryo cells.
  • Interferon priming potentiates alcohol-induced interferon production, suggesting a distinct induction pathway compared to viral inducers.
  • This study identifies ethanol as the simplest chemical interferon inducer reported to date, opening avenues for further research into chemical immunomodulation.

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