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Updated: Aug 3, 2026

Isolation of Whole Cell Protein Lysates from Mouse Facial Processes and Cultured Palatal Mesenchyme Cells for Phosphoprotein Analysis
Published on: April 1, 2022
Cellular response to force application at craniofacial sutures
S M Alaqeel1, R J Hinton, L A Opperman
1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Dallas, TX 75266-0677, USA.
Objectives:
To provide a comprehensive review of the literature describing research done on the responses of suture cells to force application in vitro and in vivo.
Design And Results:
This review outlines the types of forces that can be applied, methods of applying the forces, the sutures used in experiments, and the changes in morphology, molecular biology (gene and protein expression), and cell biology (proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis) in response to these forces.
Conclusion:
The molecular response of sutures to force needs to be further investigated as these molecules can be used to enhance the way in which craniofacial sutures respond to mechanical force during orthopedic-orthodontic treatment.
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