Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Rapid In Situ Hybridization using Oligonucleotide Probes on Paraformaldehyde-prefixed Brain of Rats with Serotonin Syndrome
Published on: September 23, 2015
Fatal hyponatremia in a young woman after ecstasy ingestion
Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh1, Minhtri K Nguyen, Roger Chang
1Harbor-UCLA Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Torrance, CA 90502-2064, USA. kamkal@ucla.edu
Background:
A 20-year old, otherwise healthy, female college student presented in an unresponsive state with respiratory distress after ingesting ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine). She had initial plasma sodium concentration of 117 mmol/l.
Investigations:
Physical examination, blood chemistry panel, urinary osmolality and electrolytes, arterial blood gas, chest X-ray, and CT scan of the brain.
Diagnosis:
Hyponatremia associated with noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and cerebral edema.
Management:
Administration of a total of 6.8 l of isotonic saline and 0.245 l of 3% hypertonic saline with sporadic administration of intravenous furosemide. The patient died approximately 12 h after admission.
Related Concept Videos
Disorder of Water Balance
Dehydration
Dehydration occurs when the body loses fluids (particularly water).
Causes:
The major causes of dehydration include excessive sweating, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and diuresis.
Signs and Symptoms:
Symptoms primarily include intense...
Toxidromes: Clinical Features
Ionic Bonds
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
Cytotoxic Edema: Pathophysiology