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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this information.
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Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of information more...
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Part-list cuing in speeded recognition and free recall.

Karl M Oswald1, Matt Serra, Anand Krishna

  • 1Department of Psychology, California State University, 2576 E. San Ramon, M/S ST11, Fresno, CA 93740-8039, USA. koswald@csufresno.edu

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Part-list cuing impairs memory recall and recognition speed, even when cues are absent. This study shows retrieval inhibition effects persist, impacting memory performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Memory Research
  • Experimental Psychology

Background:

  • Part-list cuing, where presenting some items from a studied list hinders recall of others, is a known memory phenomenon.
  • Previous research primarily focused on free recall, with limited investigation into its effects on recognition tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether part-list cuing effects occur in a speeded yes/no recognition task and subsequent free recall.
  • To examine if the negative impact of part-list cues persists even when the cues are no longer present during testing.

Main Methods:

  • Participants studied category exemplars and were then tested on recognition.
  • Testing involved either re-presentation of a subset of studied items (cues) or no cue re-presentation.
  • A free recall test of all studied items followed each recognition trial.

Main Results:

  • Part-list cuing significantly slowed down target recognition speed.
  • Free recall of target items was lower in cued trials compared to uncued trials.
  • Negative effects of cues on memory performance were observed even in their absence.

Conclusions:

  • Part-list cuing impairs both recognition speed and free recall accuracy.
  • Findings support retrieval inhibition and retrieval competition as explanations for part-list cuing.
  • The study demonstrates that the detrimental effects of part-list cuing can endure beyond the presence of the cues themselves.