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Trends in cardiac pacemaker batteries.

Venkateswara Sarma Mallela1, V Ilankumaran, N Srinivasa Rao

  • 1Dept. of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Caledonian College of Engineering, (affiliated to Glasgow Caledonian University, UK), Sultanate of Oman. venkates@caledonian.edu.om

Indian Pacing and Electrophysiology Journal
|September 1, 2006
PubMed
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Implantable cardiac pacemaker batteries require high safety and reliability. Lithium iodine batteries, lasting about 10 years, are crucial, and future alternatives are explored.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Implantable cardiac pacemakers demand high safety, reliability, and longevity.
  • Technological advances in leads, electrodes, and micro-electronics have reduced energy consumption and device size.
  • Over 3 million people worldwide have implanted pacemakers, with ~600,000 implanted annually.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical development of battery technologies for implantable cardiac pacemakers.
  • To discuss the challenges and requirements for pacemaker battery systems.
  • To present potential alternative battery technologies for future pacemaker applications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of historical and current pacemaker battery technologies.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of energy consumption trends in pacemakers due to technological advancements.
  • Exploration of emerging battery chemistries and their suitability for long-term implantation.

    • Main Results:

    • Early pacemakers used nickel-cadmium and zinc-mercury batteries with limited longevity.
    • The invention of the lithium iodine battery in 1972 significantly improved pacemaker lifespan to approximately 10 years.
    • Modern pacemakers utilize advanced micro-electronics and leads, reducing energy demands.

    Conclusions:

    • Lithium iodine batteries remain a primary power source for many pacemakers due to their established reliability and longevity.
    • Continuous innovation in battery technology is essential to meet the evolving demands of implantable cardiac devices.
    • Research into alternative battery solutions is ongoing to further enhance pacemaker performance and patient care.