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Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics: development, science, and translation
Richard M Weinshilboum1, Liewei Wang
1Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Medical School-Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. weinshilboum.richard@mayo.edu
Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics
|September 5, 2006
Summary
Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics study how inherited factors influence drug responses, impacting treatment efficacy and safety. This field integrates genomics to personalize medicine, though challenges remain for widespread clinical use.
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Pharmacology
- Genomics
Background:
- Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics investigate genetic influences on individual drug responses.
- These fields have evolved from studying single genes to analyzing complex pathways and genome-wide variations.
- Advances in molecular pharmacology and genomics have driven the development of these disciplines.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the evolution and scope of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics.
- To highlight the integration of genetic information into drug response assessment.
- To discuss the translational potential and challenges of pharmacogenomics in clinical practice.
Main Methods:
- Review of historical and contemporary studies in pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics.
- Analysis of the interplay between genetics, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics.
- Examination of genome-wide approaches and pathway-based studies.
Main Results:
- Pharmacogenetics initially focused on monogenic traits and drug metabolism variations.
- Current research encompasses complex genetic pathways affecting drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and target interaction.
- Pharmacogenomics is increasingly integrated into drug development and regulatory processes.
Conclusions:
- Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics are crucial for understanding drug response variability.
- Translational challenges must be addressed to realize the full clinical potential of genomic science in medicine.
- Personalized medicine approaches based on genetic profiles are advancing but require further development.
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