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Related Concept Videos

Selectins01:25

Selectins

Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain, which...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
Formation of Lipopolysaccharides01:19

Formation of Lipopolysaccharides

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are crucial components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, serving both structural and functional roles. It contributes to membrane stability and protects bacteria from host immune responses. LPS is composed of three major regions—lipid A, a core oligosaccharide, and an O antigen. The biosynthesis and assembly of LPS involve a highly coordinated set of enzymatic reactions and transport mechanisms. Additionally, LPS is recognized as an endotoxin, triggering...
Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...

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Mannose-binding lectin in innate immunity: past, present and future.

R M Dommett1, N Klein, M W Turner

  • 1Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, UCL, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.

Tissue Antigens
|September 5, 2006
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Summary

Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is crucial for innate immunity, defending against microbes and activating complement. Genetic variations affecting MBL levels are common and linked to various diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a key protein in the innate immune system.
  • MBL binds to microbial carbohydrates, initiating defense and activating the complement system via a unique pathway.
  • Genetic variations in the MBL-2 gene can lead to deficiencies in functional MBL protein.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of MBL in innate immunity.
  • To investigate the impact of MBL gene polymorphisms on protein function and disease association.
  • To understand the evolutionary persistence of MBL gene variations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of MBL gene polymorphisms in exon 1.
  • Assessment of MBL protein oligomerization and function.
  • Correlation of MBL levels with susceptibility to infectious, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases.

Main Results:

  • Specific point mutations in the MBL-2 gene impair the formation of functional MBL oligomers.
  • Deficiencies in functional MBL are prevalent in certain populations (e.g., sub-Saharan Africa) but rare in others (e.g., indigenous Australians).
  • MBL deficiency is associated with increased risk in various disease processes, including infections, inflammation, and autoimmune disorders.

Conclusions:

  • MBL plays a significant role in host defense and immune system regulation.
  • Genetic variations leading to reduced MBL levels are common and have complex implications for disease susceptibility.
  • The persistence of these genetic variations suggests a potential evolutionary advantage in certain contexts, possibly balancing benefits of high MBL levels against risks in specific situations.