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Related Concept Videos

Coat Assembly and GTPases01:33

Coat Assembly and GTPases

Vesicles incorporate different coat protein subunits in different cell locations, which changes the properties of the coat, such as the shape and geometry of the transport vesicles. Thus, vesicle coat proteins also play a significant role in cargo selection.
Coat assembly depends on the local availability of phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs and GTP-binding proteins. Adaptor proteins, which link the coat proteins to the membrane, bind to these PIPs and play a crucial role in controlling...
Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
Spindle Assembly02:50

Spindle Assembly

Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a microtubule array...
Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall of a...
The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles01:43

The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles

In eukaryotic cells,  cytoskeletal filaments such as actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form a mesh-like cytoskeletal network. These filaments serve as tracks for transporting cellular cargo. Specialized motor proteins use the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for this transport. During interphase, microtubules are polarized, with the plus-end towards the cell periphery and the minus-end towards the cell center. Two microtubule-associated motor proteins,...
Forces Acting on Chromosomes02:11

Forces Acting on Chromosomes

During mitosis, chromosome movements occur through the interplay of multiple piconewton level forces. In prometaphase, these forces help in chromosome assembly or congression at the equatorial plane, eventually leading to their alignment at the metaphase plate. The forces acting on the chromosomes are space and time-dependent; therefore, they vary with the position of the chromosomes as the cell progresses through mitosis. 
Microtubules and motor proteins exert two types of forces on...

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In Vitro Polymerization of F-actin on Early Endosomes
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Published on: August 28, 2017

From pore to kinetochore and back: regulating envelope assembly.

Kyle J Roux1, Brian Burke

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, 32606, USA.

Developmental Cell
|September 5, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Scientists discovered a new protein, MEL-28, crucial for rebuilding the nuclear envelope after cell division. This protein moves between key cellular structures, aiding in nuclear envelope assembly in early embryos.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Nuclear envelope reassembly post-mitosis is vital for cell function.
  • The precise mechanisms and key players in this process are not fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel proteins involved in nuclear envelope assembly.
  • To understand the function of MEL-28 in C. elegans early embryos.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized C. elegans as a model organism.
  • Investigated the localization and function of the MEL-28 protein.

Main Results:

  • Identified MEL-28 as a novel protein essential for nuclear envelope assembly.
  • Demonstrated that MEL-28 shuttles between the nuclear pore complex and kinetochore.
  • MEL-28's function is critical during early embryonic development in C. elegans.

Conclusions:

  • MEL-28 plays a critical role in the fundamental process of nuclear envelope reassembly.
  • The shuttling behavior of MEL-28 between the nuclear pore complex and kinetochore is key to its function.