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Updated: Jul 20, 2026

High-resolution Respirometry to Measure Mitochondrial Function of Intact Beta Cells in the Presence of Natural Compounds

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Published on: January 23, 2018

Increased polymorphonuclear leukocyte respiratory burst function in type 2 diabetes.

W Lee Hand¹, Debra L Hand, Yvonne Vasquez

¹Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA. lee.hand@ttuhsc.edu

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

|September 9, 2006

Summary

Type 2 diabetes patients exhibit heightened superoxide production in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), potentially increasing infection risk. Protein kinase C inhibitors and azithromycin reduced this oxidative burst activity in diabetic and control subjects.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Metabolic Disorders

Background:

Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased susceptibility to infections and chronic inflammation.
Hyperglycemia and metabolic abnormalities in diabetes may impact immune cell function, specifically polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN).

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate oxidative respiratory burst activity (superoxide production) in PMN from type 2 diabetic patients compared to healthy controls.
To examine the effects of protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors and azithromycin on PMN superoxide production.

Main Methods:

Assessed superoxide production in non-stimulated and stimulated (PMA, zymosan) PMN from 70 type 2 Hispanic diabetic patients and 70 healthy Hispanic controls.
Investigated the impact of PKC inhibitors and azithromycin on superoxide generation.

Main Results:

PMN from diabetic individuals showed significantly higher superoxide production at rest and upon stimulation compared to controls.
PKC inhibitors reduced superoxide production in PMN from both diabetic and control groups.
Azithromycin markedly inhibited superoxide generation in all tested PMN.

Conclusions:

Increased oxidative respiratory burst activity in PMN may contribute to infection and inflammation in type 2 diabetes.
PKC and azithromycin demonstrate potential as modulators of this heightened PMN response, warranting further investigation for therapeutic applications.