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Solution-grown zinc oxide nanowires.

Lori E Greene1, Benjamin D Yuhas, Matt Law

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

Inorganic Chemistry
|September 12, 2006
PubMed
Summary
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We review two methods for growing zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires using zinc salts. These nanowires show potential for use in dye-sensitized solar cells, improving charge collection efficiency.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Solid State Chemistry

Background:

  • Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires are promising nanomaterials with diverse applications.
  • Controlling the growth and properties of ZnO nanowires is crucial for device performance.
  • Solution-based synthesis offers scalable and cost-effective routes for nanomaterial fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review two distinct strategies for synthesizing ZnO nanowires from zinc salts in solution.
  • To explore methods for controlling nanowire morphology, orientation, and doping.
  • To evaluate the performance of solution-grown ZnO nanowire arrays in dye-sensitized solar cells.

Main Methods:

  • Aqueous synthesis using zinc nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine, with poly(ethylenimine) for enhanced aspect ratios.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Vertical array fabrication via nucleation from oriented ZnO nanocrystals.
  • Organic solvent synthesis involving decomposition of zinc acetate in trioctylamine.
  • Transition metal doping by adding metal salts during synthesis, exemplified by cobalt doping.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved ZnO nanowire arrays with nanoscale diameters in aqueous solution.
    • Increased nanowire lengths to 25 µm with aspect ratios over 125 using poly(ethylenimine).
    • Successfully produced vertically aligned ZnO nanowire arrays.
    • Synthesized ZnO nanowire bundles via organic solvent decomposition.
    • Demonstrated homogeneous doping of ZnO nanowires with cobalt, exhibiting non-paramagnetic behavior.
    • Observed improved charge collection efficiency in dye-sensitized solar cells utilizing these nanowire arrays compared to nanoparticle-based cells.

    Conclusions:

    • Solution-based synthesis provides versatile routes for fabricating ZnO nanowire arrays with tunable properties.
    • Vertically aligned and doped ZnO nanowires offer advantages for electronic and optoelectronic applications.
    • Solution-grown ZnO nanowire arrays represent a viable alternative to nanoparticle-based architectures in dye-sensitized solar cells, enhancing device efficiency.