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Vaccination coverage survey in Dhaka District.

M N A Khan1, M L Rahman, A Awal Miah

  • 1World Health Organization (WHO), Dhaka.

Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin
|September 14, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Routine immunization coverage in Dhaka reached 97% for initial doses but dropped significantly for full vaccination. High dropout rates and invalid vaccine doses, often due to incorrect record-keeping, reduced the fully immunized child rate to 66%.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health and Epidemiology
  • Vaccination Programs
  • Child Health

Background:

  • Assessing routine immunization coverage is crucial for child survival and disease prevention.
  • Understanding factors affecting vaccination continuity and quality is essential for program improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure routine immunization coverage for children aged 12-23 months in Dhaka District.
  • To assess tetanus toxoid (TT) immunization coverage among mothers.
  • To evaluate the Extended Program on Immunization (EPI) continuity and quality, including dropout rates and invalid doses.

Main Methods:

  • A thirty-cluster cross-sectional survey was conducted in Dhaka District in October 2002.
  • Probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling was used to select 30 clusters.

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  • Data were collected from 210 children and their mothers using pre-tested questionnaires and analyzed with SPSS.

    • Main Results:

    • Routine immunization coverage by 12 months was 97% for BCG, DPT1, and OPV1, but decreased to 75% for DPT3/OPV3 and 67% for measles.
    • Only 66% of children were fully immunized by 12 months. Vaccination card retention was 84% for children and 67% for mothers (TT).
    • Invalid doses were administered to 25% of vaccinated children (DPT) and 18% of measles vaccines, often due to incorrect date recording on cards.

    Conclusions:

    • While initial vaccine access was good, high dropout rates and invalid doses significantly reduced the fully immunized child rate.
    • Parental lack of knowledge about subsequent doses was a major reason for incomplete vaccination.
    • Programmatic strategies are needed to reduce dropout rates and improve the quality of immunizations for both children and mothers.