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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2026

A Mouse Model of Mechanotransduction-driven, Human-like Hypertrophic Scarring

A Mouse Model of Mechanotransduction-driven, Human-like Hypertrophic Scarring

Published on: November 29, 2024

mTOR pathway as a target in tissue hypertrophy.

Chung-Han Lee¹, Ken Inoki, Kun-Liang Guan

¹Life Science Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. chunghl@umich.edu

Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology

|September 14, 2006

Summary

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway regulates cell growth. Aberrant mTORC1 activation, often due to tumor suppressor loss, drives tissue hypertrophy, offering clinical insights.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 20, 2026

A Mouse Model of Mechanotransduction-driven, Human-like Hypertrophic Scarring

A Mouse Model of Mechanotransduction-driven, Human-like Hypertrophic Scarring

Published on: November 29, 2024

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Physiology

Background:

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is a critical regulator of cell growth.
mTOR functions via two complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, distinguished by protein partners and rapamycin sensitivity.
Dysregulation of tumor suppressors TSC1/TSC2 leads to mTORC1 hyperactivation, impacting cell size control.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the biochemical regulation of the mTOR pathway concerning cell size.
To explore the clinical significance of mTOR in cell size regulation and hypertrophy.

Main Methods:

Literature review of biochemical regulation of mTOR.
Analysis of clinical examples of mTOR-associated hypertrophy.

Main Results:

TORC1 activation is linked to both physiological and pathological tissue hypertrophy.
Clinical conditions such as muscle hypertrophy, vascular restenosis, and kidney hypertrophy involve TORC1 activation.

Conclusions:

Understanding mTOR pathway regulation is key to comprehending aberrant cell size.
Targeting mTOR may offer therapeutic strategies for conditions characterized by abnormal cell growth.