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Related Concept Videos

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation00:57

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

High-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, is an analytical technique that separates liquid samples under high pressures. An HPLC instrument consists of glass bottles for storing solvents called mobile phase reservoirs. HPLC-grade solvents are used to maintain high purity, and the dissolved gases are removed using a degasser, such as a vacuum pumping system or sparging with helium. The solvents are then pumped into the analytical column using a screw-driven syringe or reciprocating pumps.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:
Supercritical Fluid Chromatography01:18

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) provides a beneficial substitute for gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) for certain samples because it merges the top attributes of both techniques. SFC allows the separation and analysis of compounds that GC or LC does not easily manage. These compounds are traditionally nonvolatile or thermally unstable, making GC unsuitable and lacking functional groups required for HPLC analysis.
SFC utilizes a supercritical fluid mobile phase,...
Chromatographic Methods: Terminology01:18

Chromatographic Methods: Terminology

Chromatography is an analytical technique widely used in fields such as chemistry, biology, environmental science, and pharmaceuticals to separate the components of a mixture and identify substances between them. The process of chromatography is based on the interactions between two distinct phases: the stationary phase and the mobile phase. The stationary phase is fixed in place by a supporting material, while the mobile phase moves over it, carrying the solutes. As the mobile phase travels,...
Principles Of Column Chromatography01:13

Principles Of Column Chromatography

The chromatography technique was first invented in 1901 by Michael S. Tswett, a Russian botanist, to separate plant pigments using organic solvents. Further, in 1941, Archer John Porter Martin and R. L. M. Synge modified the technique by packing silica gel into a column. A mixture of amino acids was then separated on the packed column using chloroform and water mixture as the mobile phase. This was the first report on column chromatography. At present, column chromatography is a widely used...

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Quantitative Detection of Trace Explosive Vapors by Programmed Temperature Desorption Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector
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Elevated temperature and temperature programming in conventional liquid chromatography--fundamentals and

Gerd Vanhoenacker1, Pat Sandra

  • 1Research Institute for Chromatography, Kortrijk, Belgium.

Journal of Separation Science
|September 15, 2006
PubMed
Summary

This study explores how temperature impacts liquid chromatography (LC) speed, selectivity, and efficiency. It reviews challenges and solutions for high-temperature LC, including stationary phases and green chromatography applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Chromatography

Background:

  • Temperature is a critical parameter in conventional liquid chromatography (LC).
  • Understanding its fundamental influence is key to optimizing chromatographic separations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a fundamental perspective on temperature's role in LC.
  • To illustrate temperature's effects with laboratory applications.
  • To review challenges and solutions for high-temperature LC.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of fundamental principles of temperature effects in LC.
  • Review of applications, stationary phases, and mobile phase composition.
  • Analysis of problems and solutions related to elevated temperature and temperature programming in LC.

Main Results:

  • Temperature significantly influences LC speed, selectivity, efficiency, and detectability.
  • Elevated temperatures and temperature programming present challenges, but solutions exist.
  • Specific stationary phases are suitable for high-temperature LC operations.

Conclusions:

  • Temperature is a powerful and versatile variable for optimizing LC separations.
  • High-temperature LC offers advantages, particularly when coupled with appropriate stationary phases and methods.
  • Further exploration of temperature effects contributes to advancements in green chromatography and overall LC performance.