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Judgments of associative memory.

William S Maki1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-2051, USA. Bill.Maki@ttu.edu

Cognitive Psychology
|September 20, 2006
PubMed
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Judgments of associative memory (JAM) ratings show a linear relationship with word association probabilities. This consistent pattern, characterized by high intercepts and shallow slopes, suggests a bias in overestimating associations.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Memory Research
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Understanding associative memory is crucial for explaining human cognition.
  • Previous research has explored various factors influencing memory judgments.
  • The relationship between subjective memory ratings and objective associative strengths requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional relationship between subjective judgments of associative memory (JAM) and objective measures of associative strength.
  • To characterize the parameters of the JAM function, specifically its intercept and slope.
  • To explore factors influencing the JAM function and test a computational model's ability to replicate observed phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Participants provided ratings for cue-response word pairs.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Normed probabilities of word associations (p(response|cue)) were obtained from free association norms.
  • Statistical analyses examined the linear relationship between ratings and probabilities.
  • A computer simulation model (MINERVA 2) was used to model JAM functions.

    • Main Results:

    • A robust linear relationship was found between JAM ratings and associative probabilities.
    • The JAM function consistently exhibited high intercepts (approx. 50/100) and shallow slopes (<0.5).
    • The JAM function's characteristics were invariant across different materials and rating methods, and unaffected by expectancies or semantic similarity.
    • The MINERVA 2 model successfully replicated the linear JAM function and explained more complex associative memory phenomena.

    Conclusions:

    • The shallow slope of the JAM function indicates a limited discrimination among varying associative strengths.
    • The high intercept suggests an independent post-mnemonic bias contributing to the overestimation of associations.
    • These findings provide insights into the cognitive mechanisms underlying associative memory judgments and highlight the role of bias in memory recall.