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Related Concept Videos

Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early years,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Pupillary Response as Assessment of Effective Seizure Induction by Electroconvulsive Therapy
04:51

Pupillary Response as Assessment of Effective Seizure Induction by Electroconvulsive Therapy

Published on: April 11, 2019

[Equipment for electro-convulsive therapy].

Masaki Nagase1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, JR Tokyo General Hospital, Tokyo.

Masui. the Japanese Journal of Anesthesiology
|September 21, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) has evolved to modified ECT (mECT) using muscle relaxants for safer treatment of depression. Anesthesiologists are interested as ECT also shows promise for chronic pain management.

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Psychiatry
  • Pain Management

Context:

  • Electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) is a treatment for depression.
  • Historically, ECT was administered with sedatives alone.
  • Modern modified ECT (mECT) incorporates muscle relaxants and general anesthesia, increasingly used in Japan.

Purpose:

  • To discuss the clinical applications, equipment, and complications of ECT.
  • To highlight the evolving role of ECT in managing depressive and chronic pain patients.
  • To inform anesthesiologists about the relevance of ECT.

Summary:

  • Modified ECT (mECT) utilizes muscle relaxants to mitigate risks associated with traditional ECT.
  • General anesthesia with muscle relaxants for ECT is becoming more prevalent in Japan.

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High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation During Sleep

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Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Pupillary Response as Assessment of Effective Seizure Induction by Electroconvulsive Therapy
04:51

Pupillary Response as Assessment of Effective Seizure Induction by Electroconvulsive Therapy

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Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins
09:07

Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins

Published on: August 15, 2017

High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation During Sleep
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High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation During Sleep

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  • Emerging evidence suggests ECT's efficacy extends to chronic pain patients, attracting anesthesiologists' interest.

    • Impact:

    • Provides a comprehensive overview of ECT, including its modified protocols.
    • Addresses the expanding therapeutic scope of ECT beyond depression.
    • Emphasizes the importance of anesthesiology in modern ECT procedures.