Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
Published on: January 23, 2017
PINCHE's policy recommendations on noise: how to prevent noise from adversely affecting children
Marie Louise Bistrup1, Wolfgang Babisch, Stephen Stansfeld
1National Institute of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark. marie.bistrup@get2net.dk
Background:
Noise can have auditory and non-auditory effects on children. Very few noise episodes affect children's hearing instantaneously; most effects are long-term and cumulative. Describing the risks of noise on children's health and well-being in a life-course perspective can illustrate the prospects of cumulative effects.
Conclusion:
The policy recommendations the Policy Interpretation Network on Children's Health and Environment (PINCHE) prepared for each age group or setting are described here.
Related Concept Videos
Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
Punishment
Punishment can be positive or negative. Positive punishment involves adding an undesirable stimulus, such as scolding, to decrease a behavior. Negative punishment involves removing a desirable stimulus, such as taking away a favorite toy, to decrease behavior.
Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.

