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Disorders of Leukocytes

Disorders of Leukocytes

Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune system...

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In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

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Published on: January 20, 2019

Plasma cell leukemia with pleomorphic plasma cells--a case report.

Saumya John¹, M Feroze, N K Supriya

¹Department of Pathology, Medical College, Calicut, Kerala.

Indian Journal of Pathology & Microbiology

|September 28, 2006

Summary

This rare case of plasma cell leukemia featured unusual pleomorphic plasma cells. Early diagnosis and treatment led to patient remission, highlighting the importance of recognizing atypical cell morphology in myeloma.

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Area of Science:

Hematology
Oncology
Pathology

Background:

Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy.
PCL is characterized by the proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the peripheral blood.
Morphological variations in plasma cells can impact diagnosis and prognosis.

Observation:

A rare case of PCL presented with congestive cardiac failure and nephropathy.
Bone imaging revealed no lytic lesions.
Peripheral blood analysis showed predominantly pleomorphic plasma cells with atypical nuclear features.

Findings:

Serum electrophoresis was negative for M-band, but urine electrophoresis detected Bence Jones protein.
This confirmed a light chain-only myeloma, a subtype of multiple myeloma.
The presence of pleomorphic plasma cells, though rare, was a key diagnostic feature.

Implications:

Recognizing unusual plasma cell morphology is crucial for diagnosing rare PCL variants.
This case underscores the importance of integrating morphology with biochemical findings for accurate myeloma classification.
Prompt diagnosis and management of PCL, even with atypical features, can lead to favorable outcomes.