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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Improving 2D and 3D Skin In Vitro Models Using Macromolecular Crowding
Published on: August 22, 2016
[Cellulite--the greatest skin problem in healthy people? An approach]
Tatjana Pavicic1, Claudia Borelli, Hans Christian Korting
1Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Klinikum der Universität München, Germany. Tatjana.Pavicic@med.uni-muenchen.de
Abstract:
Cellulite or so called orange peel skin affects 80-90 % of all females. It is not considered as a pathological condition but as aesthetically disturbing dimpling of the skin seen most commonly on the thighs and buttocks. Despite its high prevalence, there have been only a few scientific investigations into the pathophysiology of cellulite reflected in the medical literature. A lack of knowledge regarding specific aetiopathogenetic factors and pathogenesis at large currently limits treatment options. The preferred hypotheses about the origin of cellulite include: gender specific dimorphic skin architecture, altered connective tissue septae, vascular changes and inflammatory processes. The most widely discussed management options include: attenuation of aggravating factors, physical procedures including laser therapy and application of topical incorporating actives. The latter approach has been evidence-based with respect to caffeine liposomal cream and retinol cream.
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