Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Preparation of Cell-lines for Conditional Knockdown of Gene Expression and Measurement of the Knockdown Effects on E4orf4-Induced Cell Death
13:54

Preparation of Cell-lines for Conditional Knockdown of Gene Expression and Measurement of the Knockdown Effects on E4orf4-Induced Cell Death

Published on: October 21, 2012

Adeno-associated virus induces apoptosis during coinfection with adenovirus

Jennifer M Timpe1, Kristin C Verrill, Bret N Black

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Medical University of Ohio, 3035 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614-5804, USA.

Virology
|October 3, 2006
PubMed

Insights

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) induces programmed cell death (apoptosis) during viral infections. This cell death is caspase-dependent and independent, even when cells are coinfected with adenovirus (Ad).

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a nonpathogenic parvovirus requiring helper adenovirus (Ad) for replication.
  • Adenovirus (Ad) infection induces programmed cell death (apoptosis), complicating the study of AAV-induced apoptosis.
  • Adenoviral death protein (ADP) plays a role in Ad-mediated cytolysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether AAV infection induces apoptosis during viral coinfection.
  • To differentiate AAV-induced apoptosis from Ad-mediated cell death.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of AAV-induced cell death.

Main Methods:

  • Coinfection of cells with AAV and an E3 adenoviral death protein (ADP) mutant (pm534) or wild-type Ad.
  • Assessment of cell killing, cytolysis, and apoptosis using biochemical and morphological criteria.
  • Measurement of caspase activation and extracellular pH.

Main Results:

  • AAV coinfection with pm534 or wild-type Ad resulted in increased cell killing compared to Ad alone.
  • AAV and Ad coinfection showed moderate caspase activation, unlike infections with Ad alone.
  • AAV coinfection led to increased extracellular pH and exhibited characteristics of both caspase-dependent and independent apoptosis.

Conclusions:

  • Adeno-associated virus (AAV) induces apoptosis during viral infections, independent of helper adenovirus (Ad).
  • AAV-induced apoptosis involves both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways.
  • AAV coinfection modulates cellular processes, including pH, contributing to programmed cell death.

More Related Videos

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation15:33

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

Isolation of Viral Replication Compartment-enriched Sub-nuclear Fractions from Adenovirus-infected Normal Human Cells10:22

Isolation of Viral Replication Compartment-enriched Sub-nuclear Fractions from Adenovirus-infected Normal Human Cells

Published on: November 12, 2015

Related Concept Videos

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...
Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly01:19

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...