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Pain and neurotransmitters.

M Otsuka1, M Yanagisawa

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.

Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology
|September 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
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Substance P (SP) acts as a pain transmitter in primary afferent C-fibers. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and enkephalins modulate pain signals by activating inhibitory spinal interneurons.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pain Research
  • Spinal Cord Physiology

Background:

  • Endogenous substances like Substance P (SP), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and enkephalins play crucial roles in physiological processes.
  • Understanding the specific roles of these neurotransmitters in pain transmission and modulation is essential for developing effective pain management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the physiological functions of SP, GABA, enkephalins, and other endogenous substances in pain pathways.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which these substances modulate nociceptive signaling in the spinal cord.

Main Methods:

  • Development of isolated spinal cord preparations from newborn rats.
  • Stimulation of primary afferent C-fibers to evoke neuronal responses.
  • Administration of tachykinin antagonists (spantide), GABA agonists (muscimol), opioid peptides, and their respective antagonists (bicuculline, naloxone) to assess effects on neuronal activity.

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Main Results:

  • Tachykinin antagonists depressed slow responses in spinal neurons evoked by C-fiber stimulation, suggesting SP and neurokinin A are pain transmitters in a subset of C-fibers.
  • GABA and opioid peptides depressed certain C-fiber responses.
  • GABA and opioid antagonists potentiated nociceptive responses, supporting the role of inhibitory interneurons releasing GABA and enkephalins in pain modulation.

Conclusions:

  • Substance P and neurokinin A are identified as key pain transmitters in specific primary afferent C-fibers.
  • GABA and enkephalins, released by inhibitory spinal interneurons, play a significant role in modulating incoming pain signals.
  • These findings contribute to understanding the complex neurochemical circuitry involved in pain processing within the spinal cord.