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Related Concept Videos

Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
Assessment of the Abdomen II: Percussion01:18

Assessment of the Abdomen II: Percussion

Percussion is a fundamental technique used to assess the liver, spleen, and abdominal organs by tapping the abdomen and interpreting the resulting sounds. This method helps identify fluid, distention, and masses through variations in sound, such as the high-pitched tympany of air-filled areas and the dullness of solid masses. Understanding how to percuss these organs provides valuable information for healthcare professionals in diagnosing conditions early.
Percussion
Percussion is an essential...
Gross Anatomy of Bone01:17

Gross Anatomy of Bone

The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in adults, it...
Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
Assessment of apical radial pulse01:25

Assessment of apical radial pulse

Apical-Radial (A-R) Pulse Assessment
The A-R pulse assessment involves simultaneous evaluation of the apical and radial pulses. When the apical and radial pulse rates vary, this assessment helps identify a pulse deficit.
Pre-Procedural Preparation
Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Cortical Bone Assessment Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves: A Reproducibility Study in a Healthy Population
09:02

Cortical Bone Assessment Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves: A Reproducibility Study in a Healthy Population

Published on: January 31, 2025

A method for vibrational assessment of cortical bone.

Yan Song1, Gemunu H Gunaratne

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA. xys4406@yahoo.com

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)
|October 4, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Vibrational analysis offers a superior method for assessing bone strength compared to density or porosity measurements. This technique reliably estimates residual strength in both trabecular and cortical bone, even with age-related degradation.

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Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

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A Sectioning, Coring, and Image Processing Guide for High-Throughput Cortical Bone Sample Procurement and Analysis for Synchrotron Micro-CT
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A Sectioning, Coring, and Image Processing Guide for High-Throughput Cortical Bone Sample Procurement and Analysis for Synchrotron Micro-CT

Published on: June 12, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Orthopedics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Human bones comprise cortical and trabecular regions, each degrading differently with age.
  • Trabecular bone weakens via loss of network connectivity; cortical bone degrades through fractures and altered mineralization.
  • Previous research indicates vibrational response can reliably estimate trabecular bone strength.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model and assess the residual strength of cortical bone with introduced fractures.
  • To compare the efficacy of vibrational assessment versus density/porosity measurements for estimating cortical bone strength.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling cortical bone as a solid specimen with introduced long fractures.
  • Simulating vibrational response to assess residual strength.
  • Comparing vibrational assessment results with density and porosity measurements.

Main Results:

  • Vibrational assessment provides more reliable estimates of residual strength in fractured cortical bone.
  • This method is more effective than traditional density or porosity measurements.
  • Findings are analogous to those observed in trabecular bone studies.

Conclusions:

  • Vibrational analysis is a promising technique for evaluating cortical bone health and strength.
  • This approach offers a more accurate assessment of bone integrity compared to conventional methods.
  • The study highlights the potential of vibrational methods across different bone types.