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Examining Gesture Production in the Presence of Communication Challenges

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Voice parameters in children with Down syndrome.

Carla Pinto Moura¹, Luís Miguel Cunha, Helena Vilarinho

¹Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital São João, Porto Medical School, Porto University, Porto, Portugal. cmoura@med.up.pt

Journal of Voice : Official Journal of the Voice Foundation

|October 4, 2006

Summary

Children with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit distinct voice characteristics, including lower pitch and reduced vowel clarity, impacting speech. These acoustic differences, particularly the vocalic anatomical functional ratio, aid in assessment.

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Area of Science:

Genetics and Human Biology
Speech and Hearing Sciences
Pediatric Medicine

Background:

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal disorder, frequently associated with speech and voice abnormalities.
Phenotypic traits in DS, such as hypotonia and maxillary hypoplasia, contribute to unique vocal acoustic alterations.
Understanding these vocal characteristics is crucial for early intervention and support.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate and compare the voice characteristics of children with Down syndrome to those of typically developing children.
To identify specific acoustic parameters that differentiate the speech patterns in children with DS.
To evaluate the utility of the vocalic anatomical functional ratio as a diagnostic marker.

Main Methods:

Voice assessments were conducted using both subjective perceptual evaluations and objective acoustic analysis (Praat-4.1 software).
The study included 66 children with DS (36 boys, 30 girls) aged 3–8 years.
Data were compared against an age-matched control group from the general population.

Main Results:

Children with DS showed significant perceptual voice differences compared to controls.
A lower fundamental frequency (F(0)) with increased dispersion was observed in the DS group.
Reduced distinction between vowel formants (F(1) and F(2)) indicated impaired articulatory processing.

Conclusions:

The voice of children with Down syndrome exhibits distinct acoustic features, including altered pitch and vowel articulation.
The vocalic anatomical functional ratio emerged as a key differentiating parameter between children with DS and controls.
These findings highlight the potential of acoustic voice analysis for assessing and understanding speech challenges in Down syndrome.